3/30/17
Western Civilization notes
Proletari- landless jobless lower class
Tiberius Gracchus-Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus was a Roman Popularis politician of the 2nd century BC, together with Gaius Gracchus, one of the Gracchi brothers. Wikipedia
Born: 163 BC, Rome, Italy
Assassinated: 133 BC, Rome,
Gaius Gracchus-gaius Sempronius Gracchus was a Roman Popular politician in the 2nd century BC and brother if the reformer Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus. Wikipedia
Born: 154 BC, Rome, Italy
Died: 121 BC, Rome, Italy
137 b.c.e.-Year 137 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Porcine and Mancinus (or, less frequently, year 617 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 137 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Treason-the crime of betraying one's country, especially by attempting to kill the sovereign or overthrow the government.
Gaius Marius-Gaius Marius was a Roman general and statesman. He held the office of consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. Wikipedia
Born: 157 BC, Create
Died: January 13, 86 BC, Rome, Italy
Sulla-Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix, known commonly as Sulla, was a Roman general and statesman. He had the distinction of holding the office of consul twice, as well as reviving the dictatorship. Wikipedia
Born: 139 BC, Rome, Italy
Died: 78 BC, Pozzuoli, Italy
Pompey-Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, usually known in English as Pompey or Pompey the Great, was a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic. Wikipedia
Julius Caesar- Gaius Julius Caesar, known as Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician, general, and notable author of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. Wikipedia
Assassinated: March 15, 44 BC, Rome, Italy
Spouse: Cornelia (m. 84 BC–69 BC), Pompeia (m. 68 BC–63 BC), Calpurnia (m. 59 BC–44 BC)
Cicero-Marcus Tullius Cicero was a Roman philosopher, politician, lawyer, orator, political theorist, consul, and constitutionalist. Wikipedia
Assassinated: December 7, 43 BC, Formia, Italy
Crassus-Marcus Licinius Crassus was a Roman general and politician who played a key role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. Wikipedia
Died: 53 BC, Harran, Turkey
Spouse: Tertulla
Gauls-Gaul was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age that was inhabited by Celtic tribes, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the ... Wikipedia
Rubicon-The Rubicon is both the name of a shallow river in northeastern Italy, just south of Ravenna, and the name historically given to a river that was famously crossed by Julius Caesar in 49 BC. Wikipedia
Sources: Sogliano al Rubicone, Apennine Mountains
Cities: Cesena, Rimini
47 b.c.e.-Year 47 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of ...
Years: 50 BC; 49 BC; 48 BC; 47 BC; 46 BC; 45 BC; 44 BC
Centuries: 2nd century BC; 1st century BC; 1st century
Julian calendar -The Julian calendar was introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BCE and replaced the Roman calendar. ... The Julian calendar's predecessor, the Roman calendar, was a very complicated lunar calendar, based on the moon phases. ... In the Julian calendar, every four years is a leap year, with a …
Octavian-Gaius Julius Octavius. (63 BC - AD 14) The future emperor Augustus was born into an equestrian family as Gaius Octavius at Rome on 23 September 63 BC. His father, Gaius Octavius, was the first in the family to become a senator, but died when Octavian was only four.
Battle of actium-The Battle of Actium was the decisive confrontation of the Final War of the Roman Republic, a naval engagement between Octavian and the combined forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra on 2 September 31 ... Wikipedia
Date: September 2, 31 BC
Result: Decisive victory for Octavian
Penceps-
Princeps (plural: principes) is a Latin word meaning "first in time or order; the first, foremost, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble; the first man, first person." This article is devoted to a number of specific historical meanings the word took, in approximate historical order.
27 b.c.e.-In 27 B.C., Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus was awarded the honorific title of Augustus by a decree of the Senate.
Augustus was the founder of the Roman Principate and considered the first Roman emperor, controlling the Roman Empire from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. Wikipedia
Died: August 19, 14 AD, Nola, Italy
Full name: Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus
Pontifex -The Pontifex Maximus (Latin, literally: "greatest pontiff" or "greatest bridge-builder") was the high priest of the College of Pontiffs (Collegium Pontificum) in ancient Rome.
Etymology
Imperator-commander (a title conferred under the Republic on a victorious general and under the Empire on the emperor).
Res gestae-Res Gestae Divi Augusti (Eng. The Deeds of the Divine Augustus) is the funerary inscription of the first Roman emperor, Augustus, giving a first-person record of his life and accomplishments.[1] The Res Gestae is especially significant because it gives an insight into the image Augustus portrayed to the Roman people. Various inscriptions of the Res Gestae have been found scattered across the former Roman Empire. The inscription itself is a monument to the establishment of the Julio-Claudian dynasty that was to follow Augustus.[2
Principate The Principate is the name sometimes given to the first period of the Roman Empire from the beginning of the reign of Augustus in about 30 BC to the Crisis of the Third Century in 284 AD, after which it evolved into the so-called Dominate.
Octavius Augustus (Latin: Imperātor Caesar Dīvī Fīlius Augustus;[note 1][note 2] 23 September 63 BC – 19 August 14 AD) was the founder of the Roman Principate and considered the first Roman emperor, controlling the Roman Empire from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.[note 3]
He was born Gaius Octavius into an old and wealthy equestrian branch of the plebeian gens Octavia. His maternal great-uncle Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC, and Octavius was named in Caesar's will as his adopted son and heir, then known as Octavianus (Anglicized as Octavian). He, Mark Antony, and Marcus Lepidus formed the Second Triumvirate to defeat the assassins of Caesar. Following their victory at the Battle of Philippi, the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic among themselves and ruled as military dictators.[note 4] The Triumvirate was eventually torn apart by the competing ambitions of its members. Lepidus was driven into exile and stripped of his position, and Antony committed suicide following his defeat at the Battle of Actium by Octavian in 31 BC.
After the demise of the Second Triumvirate, Augustus restored the outward façade of the free Republic, with governmental power vested in the Roman Senate, the executive magistrates, and the legislative assemblies. In reality, however, he retained his autocratic power over the Republic as a military dictator. By law, Augustus held a collection of powers granted to him for life by the Senate, including supreme military command, and those of tribune and censor. It took several years for Augustus to develop the framework within which a formally republican state could be led under his sole rule. He rejected monarchical titles, and instead called himself Princeps Civitatis ("First Citizen of the State"). The resulting constitutional framework became known as the Principate, the first phase of the Roman Empire.
The reign of Augustus initiated an era of relative peace known as the Pax Romana (The Roman Peace). The Roman world was largely free from large-scale conflict for more than two centuries, despite continuous wars of imperial expansion on the Empire's frontiers and the year-long civil war known as the "Year of the Four Emperors" over the imperial succession. Augustus dramatically enlarged the Empire, annexing Egypt, Dalmatia, Pannonia, Noricum, and Raetia; expanding possessions in Africa; expanding into Germania; and completing the conquest of Hispania.
Beyond the frontiers, he secured the Empire with a buffer region of client states and made peace with the Parthian Empire through diplomacy. He reformed the Roman system of taxation, developed networks of roads with an official courier system, established a standing army, established the Praetorian Guard, created official police and fire-fighting services for Rome, and rebuilt much of the city during his reign.
Augustus died in AD 14 at the age of 75. He probably died from natural causes, although there were unconfirmed rumors that his wife Livia poisoned him. He was succeeded as Emperor by his adopted son (also stepson and former son-in-law) Tiberius
The Auxilia (Latin, lit. "auxiliaries") constituted the standing non-citizen corps of the Imperial Roman army during the Principate era (30 BC–284 AD)
Bureaucracy For other uses, see Bureaucracy (disambiguation). Bureaucracy (/bjuːˈrɒkrəsi/) means both a body of nonelective government officials and an administrative
Pax romana The Pax Romana was a time of peace established by Emperor Augustus during the Roman Empire
Classical Latin (redirect from Golden Age of Latin literature)
literature (ancient Rome) The Golden Age is divided by the assassination of Julius Caesar. In the wars that followed the Republican generation of literary men
Tiberius was a Roman Emperor from 14 AD to 37 AD. Born Tiberius Claudius Nero, a Claudian, Tiberius was the son of Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia Drusilla. Wikipedia
Died: March 16, 37 AD, Miseno, Italy
Full name: Tiberius Claudius Nero
Claudius Claudius was Roman emperor from 41 to 54. A member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, he was the son of Drusus and Antonia Minor. He was born at Lugdunum in Gaul, the first Roman Emperor to be born outside Italy. Wikipedia
Died: October 13, 54 AD, Rome, Italy
Spouse: Agrippina the Younger (m. 49 AD–54 AD), More
Nero Nero was Roman Emperor from 54 to 68, and the last in the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Nero was adopted by his great-uncle Claudius to become his heir and successor, and acceded to the throne in 54 following Claudius' death. Wikipedia
Died: June 9, 68 AD, Rome, Italy
Spouse: Sporus (m. 67 AD–68 AD), More
Pagan a person holding religious beliefs other than those of the main world religions.
Rural , relating to, or characteristic of the countryside rather than the town.
Hierarchy a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.
synonyms: pecking order, order, ranking, chain of command, grading, gradation, ladder, scale, range
"in the corporate hierarchy, Curt is about six levels below the CEO"
Pantheon The Pantheon is a former Roman temple, now a church, in Rome, Italy, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus.
Celsius According to the Christian father Origen, Celsus was a 2nd-century Greek philosopher and opponent of Early Christianity. He is known for his literary work, The True Word, which survives exclusively in Origen's quotations from it in Contra Celsum. Wikipedia
Trajan Trajan was Roman emperor from 98 to 117 AD. Officially declared by the Senate optimus princeps, Trajan is remembered as a successful soldier-emperor who presided over the greatest military expansion in ... Wikipedia
Died: August 9, 117 AD
Full name: Imperator Caesar Nerva Traianus Divi Nerva fili Augustus
Jus civilenoun Roman Law.
the rules and principles of law derived from the customs and legislation of Rome, as opposed to those derived from the customs of all nations (jus gentium) or from fundmental ideas of right and wrong implicit in the human mind (jus naturale).
Greatness and decay of Rome
Nerva was Roman Emperor from 96 to 98. Nerva became Emperor at the age of sixty-five, after a lifetime of imperial service under Nero and the rulers of the Flavian dynasty. Wikipedia
Born: November 8, 30 AD, Narni, Italy
Died: January 27, 98 AD, Gardens of Sallust, Rome, Italy
AntoniusAntonius is the nomen of the gens Antonia, one of the most important families in ancient Rome, with both patrician and plebeian branches. It is also the source of the English personal name Anthony, as well as a number of similar names in various European languages.
Commodus
Roman emperor
Image result for commodus
Image result for commodus
Image result for commodus
Image result for commodus
Image result for commodus
Image result for commodus
Image result for commodus
Image result for commodus
Image result for commodus
Image result for commodus
Image result for commodus
View all
Commodus, born Lucius Aurelius Commodus and died Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus, was Roman Emperor from AD 180 to 192. He also ruled as co-emperor with his father Marcus Aurelius from 177 until his father's death in 180. Wikipedia
Assassinated: December 31, 192 AD, Rome, Italy
Siblings: Lucilla, Marcus Annius Verus Caesar, More
NobilityNobility is a social class, normally ranked immediately under royalty, that possesses more acknowledged privileges and higher social status than most other classes in a society, membership thereof typically being hereditary.
Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy that flourished throughout the Roman and Greek world until the 3rd century AD. Stoicism is predominantly a philosophy of personal ethics which is informed by its system of logic and its views on the natural world.
The Auxilia constituted the standing non-citizen corps of the Imperial Roman army during the Principate era, alongside the citizen legions. Wikipedia
No comments:
Post a Comment