Why

Why hurt someone for fun when it happens enough unknowingly.

Do you ever wonder why

People up things knowing it's going to hurt you in they do it anyway . Do they get off on it some how ?

The men and women of thw armed forces

Honoring the men women who serve in the US Military Is Never Done often enough in my opinion. From green lights on my front back porch to American flag hanging from my porch walkway and saluting anytime I see somebody in the uniform and thanking them for their service it's only a small bit of what we could all do you think of men and women who fight for our country will fight to protect our country who fight without asking questions and put their lives on the line without thinking twice in order to preserve an idea there was brought forth from our forefathers and even if the Constitution has been stretched and twisted to suit the people in office now the fact Still Remains that our men and women of the service Armed Forces deserve our respect and we should act accordingly though they may not be held accountable for what they forced to defend they do defend it in our name in our honor and with her best interests in mind and that's what we should be honoring every chance we get. End of story

Good with the bad

We all have to take the good with the bad but why does it seem like the bad always has to outweigh the good

Finishing

Remember it's never how you start but how you finish that matters. 

Closing moments of my first school year .

As I gave my final final tomorrow for Western Civilization. I am actually feeling very good about the way I finished . I started great and Midway lost it for a while but it's never how u start but how u finish that matters.

My wwe 2k16 apppearance

https://youtu.be/W4XNKv7azPs

This is a joke someone made a character of me and posted it on utube. Lol

West civ notes 6

West civ notes

Ishtar goes away due to moon god farmers don't like

Priests oppose and defy most

Mesopotamian cities biggest celebration festival abolished

Going against elite with no mass support bound to fail

Zarathustra . zaroster one good god and one bad god dualism

Ahuras good god

Daiva's bad god

Arta asha judgement  persian

Equivalent is ma at

Middle king egypt when ma at originated

Ma at equivalent for mesopotamia didn't come while all was chaotic

Persia created order to employ

Ma at was soul on a scale

Arta was cross a thin or little bridge to cross to the good afterlife if you were bad bridge was weak and you were likely to fall

Book of job was stated that satan told god that your number one guy praises you cause you give him so much , take it all away and you will see that he won't and god made the bet and took all away and when job questions god he says u have no right to ask me that

Pharaoh pepi 2 ruled near the end of the old kingdom for about 90 years

Capital city of old K egypt was memphis

Art flourished during old period

Old k is sometimes referred to as the age of the pyramids

Lasted from 2181 bce to 2055 bce

Old kingdom ended in chaos

Egypt had 3 eras old middle and new kingdom

Part one was centered around control and how to keep order

Book of job is one of great classic writings in the world of literature

The story of job is a wager between satan and yahweh

Satan swears no one serves under yahweh without selfish motives

The 3 friends try to tell job over and over that he must have done something to deserve such punishment

Book of job does not present concrete solutions about why innocent people suffer

Author of job intent was to challenge the view presented by profits and historians to the effect of why suffering is evidence of wrongdoing.

Chariots became means of transport to travel controlling larger areas

Second wave of immigration 1200 to 800 dorian invaders

Disruption cause wide spread of iron originally discovered by the hittites who tried to keep it secret

Carbon was discovered by accident

Babylonian 1800 bce  hammurabi

Egypt new kingdom 1570 - 1100

Assyria 1000 - 600

Persia 550 - 330

Hyksos slang for those who invaded and for centuries ruled egypt because they felt they were better than anyone else

Moguls attacked and controlled russia almost 3 centuries

Sumerians battle 3500 create culture

Akkadians settle 2300 create order

The relationship between two similar like greek and roman

Roman provided order greece provided culture

Monumental architecture not movement here

Focus of mes this like is how supposed to be

Forest theme order

Statues organizers THESE by myths

Empire is a multi state

Myths help create and control environment.

West civ notes 5

Western Civ Notes.

Words to google

Eunomia

Isonomia

Spartans avoid commerce why?

Professor wrightson theory is the italians fear death the most because they eat the best

Warrior aristocracy

500 bushmen 1 bushman for 1 drachma

Gave merchants who didn't own land equality overthrowing warrior aristocracy

500 aristocrats

500-300 horsemen cavalry

300-200 hoplites weak armor

200 rowers navy

Poverty and overpopulation egypt's big issue

Athens council chosen by lottery

Pisistratus

Pericles

Socrates

Plato

Abstract family gives individuality give or serve the polis gives u more praises as individual

Order / chaos mesopotamia and egypt

Reason for greatness same reason for demise hummus

Achilles alexander the great (second coming of achilles) both individuals

Alexander great disobeyed and betrayed dad

Egypt had Me at

Mesopotamia had book of hammurabi

Supplemental food supply was done planting crops in foothills and agriculture began

Egypt had predictable nile

Mesopotamia had tigris and euphrates rivers very unpredictable and destructive

Growing crops leads to food surplus to growing population leads to more etc.

Egypt's 3 kingdoms old middle and new kingdom

Amun and ra were two mythical figures that new kingdom combined to make the amun-ra

Hammurabi preached that the after life consists of dark cave and drinking sand and eating clay so live in the now

Egypt lived by the be good now so that u have paradise in the afterlife if soul outweighs feather u r doomed

God of mesopotamia marduk god of chaos

Democracy comes from forced equality

Bronze made with copper and tin

Iron discovered by accident

Goddess timet believed to be god caused chaos

Osiris god of vegetation

ra/re is god of sun

Hypothesis made by finding same thing written in 3 different ways

3 regions had rice china wheat mesopotamia and corn .

Nomadic women discovered agriculture

If u build a house and it collapse killing someone son your son must die too eye for an eye situation

West civ notes 4

New Western Civilization notes

Epic of Gilgamesh - Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia that is often regarded as the earliest surviving great work of literature. The literary history of Gilgamesh begins with five Sumerian poems about 'Bilgamesh' (Sumerian for 'Gilgamesh'), king of Uruk, dating from the Third Dynasty of Ur (circa 2100 BC). These independent stories were later used as source material for a combined epic. The first surviving version of this combined epic, known as the "Old Babylonian" version, dates to the 18th century BC and is titled after its incipit, Shūtur eli sharrī ("Surpassing All Other Kings"). Only a few tablets of it have survived. The later "Standard" version dates from the 13th to the 10th centuries BC and bears the incipit Sha naqba īmuru ("He who Saw the Deep", in modern terms: "He who Sees the Unknown"). Approximately two thirds of this longer, twelve-tablet version have been recovered. Some of the best copies were discovered in the library ruins of the 7th-century BC Assyrian king Ashurbanipal.

The first half of the story discusses Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, and Enkidu, a wild man created by the gods to stop Gilgamesh from oppressing the people of Uruk. After an initial fight, Gilgamesh and Enkidu become close friends. Together, they journey to the Cedar Mountain and defeat Humbaba, its monstrous guardian. Later they kill the Bull of Heaven, which the goddess Ishtar sends to punish Gilgamesh for spurning her advances. As a punishment for these actions, the gods sentence Enkidu to death.

In the second half of the epic, distress about Enkidu's death causes Gilgamesh to undertake a long and perilous journey to discover the secret of eternal life. He eventually learns that "Life, which you look for, you will never find. For when the gods created man, they let death be his share, and life withheld in their own hands".[1][2] However, because of his great building projects, his account of Siduri's advice, and what the immortal man Utnapishtim told him about the Great Flood, Gilgamesh's fame survived his death.

Ethical monotheism - Ethical monotheism is a form of exclusive monotheism in which God is the source for one standard of morality, who guides humanity through ethical principles.

Code of hamarabu -
Image result for code of hammurabi
The Code of Hammurabi is a well-preserved Babylonian law code of ancient Mesopotamia, dating back to about 1754 BC (Middle Chronology). It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world.

Mesopotamia - was a historical region situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq plus Kuwait, the eastern parts of Syria, Southeastern Turkey, and regions along the Turkish-Syrian and Iran–Iraq borders.

Widely considered to be one of the cradles of civilization by the Western world, Bronze Age Mesopotamia included Sumer and the Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian empires, all native to the territory of modern-day Iraq. In the Iron Age, it was controlled by the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian Empires.

The Sumerians and Akkadians (including Assyrians and Babylonians) dominated Mesopotamia from the beginning of written history (c. 3100 BC) to the fall of Babylon in 539 BC, when it was conquered by the Achaemenid Empire. It fell to Alexander the Great in 332 BC, and after his death, it became part of the Greek Seleucid Empire.

Around 150 BC, Mesopotamia was under the control of the Parthian Empire. Mesopotamia became a battleground between the Romans and Parthians, with western parts of Mesopotamia coming under ephemeral Roman control. In AD 226, eastern part of it fell to the Sassanid Persians. Division of Mesopotamia between Roman (Byzantine from AD 395) and Sassanid Empires lasted until the 7th century Muslim conquest of Persia of the Sasanian Empire and Muslim conquest of the Levant from Byzantines. A number of primarily neo-Assyrian and Christian native Mesopotamian states existed between the 1st century BC and 3rd century AD, including Adiabene, Osroene, and Hatra.

Mesopotamia is the site of the earliest developments of the Neolithic Revolution from around 10,000 BC.[citation needed] It has been identified as having "inspired some of the most important developments in human history including the invention of the wheel, the planting of the first cereal crops and the development of cursive script, mathematics, astronomy and agriculture."[1]

Egypt - Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River ...
Roman and Byzantine Egypt‎: ‎30 BC–641 AD‎
Macedonian and Ptolemaic Egypt‎: ‎332–30 BC‎
Sasanian Egypt‎: ‎619–629

Greek mythology -
Image result for ancient greek mythology
Greek mythology is the body of myths and teachings that belong to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. It was a part of the religion in ancient Greece.

Bronze age - The Bronze Age is a historical period characterized by the use of bronze, proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization.

Assyrians - Assyria was a major Mesopotamian East Semitic-speaking kingdom and empire of the ancient Near East. It existed as a state from perhaps as early as the 25th century BC in the form of the Assur city-state, until its lapse between 612 BC and 599 BC, spanning the Early to Middle Bronze Age through to the late Iron Age.

Tyranny - A tyrant (Greek τύραννος, tyrannos), in its modern English usage, is an absolute ruler unrestrained by law or person, or one who has usurped legitimate sovereignty. Often described as a cruel character, a tyrant defends his position by oppressive means, tending to control almost everything in the state.[1][2] The original Greek term, however, merely meant an authoritarian sovereign without reference to character,[3] bearing no pejorative connotation during the Archaic and early Classical periods. However, it was clearly a negative word to Plato, a Greek philosopher, and on account of the decisive influence of philosophy on politics, its negative connotations only increased, continuing into the Hellenistic period.

Plato and Aristotle define a tyrant as "one who rules without law, and uses extreme and cruel tactics–against his own people as well as others".[4] It is defined further in the Encyclopédie as a usurper of sovereign power who makes his subjects the victims of his passions and unjust desires, which he substitutes for laws.[5] During the seventh and sixth centuries BC, tyranny was often looked upon as an intermediate stage between narrow oligarchy and more democratic forms of polity. However, in the late fifth and fourth centuries BC, a new kind of tyrant, the military dictator, arose, specifically in Sicily.

Tyranny includes a variety of oppressive types of government – by a tyrant (autocracy), by a minority (oligarchy, tyranny of the minority) or by a majority (democracy, tyranny of the majority). The definition is extended to other oppressive leadership and to oppressive policies. For example, a teacher may find the school administration, the textbook or standardized tests to be oppressive, considering each to represent a tyranny.

Persian empire - Persian Empire refers to any of a series of imperial dynasties centered in Persia (modern–day Iran). The first of these was the Achaemenid Empire established by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC with the conquest of Median, Lydian and Babylonian empires. It covered much of the Ancient world when it was conquered by Alexander the Great. Several later dynasties "claimed to be heirs of the Achaemenids". Persia was then ruled by the Parthian Empire which supplanted the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, and then by the Sassanian Empire which ruled up until mid 7th century.[1]

It is important to note that while many of these empires referred to themselves as Persian, they were often ethnically ruled by Medes, Babylonians, or Parthians. [2] Persian dynastic history was interrupted by the Arab Muslim conquest of Persia in 651 AD, establishing the even larger Islamic Caliphate, and later by the Mongol invasion.

The main religion of ancient Persia was the native Zoroastrianism, but after the seventh century, it was replaced by Islam.

In the modern era, a series of Islamic–notably Shiite–dynasties (e.g. Safavids and Afsharids) ruled Persia independently of the Arab/Turkic Sunni [clarification needed] caliphates, who became Persia's classical rival, like the pagan Romans and Christian Byzantines had been before.

Since 1979 and the downfall of the Pahlavi dynasty. Persia has a Shiah theocratic government.

Ancient citys states empires -
A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories. Historically, this included cities such as Rome, Athens, Carthage,[1] and the Italian city-states during the Renaissance—but today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist, with some disagreement as to which are city-states. A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore, Monaco, and Vatican City.

A number of other small states share similar characteristics, and therefore are sometimes also cited as modern city-states. Namely, Qatar,[2][3] Brunei,[4] Kuwait,[4][2][5] Bahrain,[4][2] and Malta,[6][7][8][9] which each have an urban center comprising a significant proportion of the population, though, all have several distinct settlements and a designated or de facto capital city. Occasionally, other small states with high population densities, such as San Marino, are also cited,[4][10][11] despite lacking a large urban centre characteristic of traditional city-states.

Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy, and are sometimes considered city-states. Hong Kong and Macau, along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates, most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi, are often cited as such.[4][10][12]

Polis - Polis (/ˈpɒlᵻs/; Greek: πόλις pronounced [pólis]), plural poleis (/ˈpɒleɪz/, πόλεις [póleːs]) literally means city in Greek. It can also mean a body of citizens. In modern historiography, polis is normally used to indicate the ancient Greek city-states, like Classical Athens and its contemporaries, and thus is often translated as "city-state".

The Ancient Greek city-state developed during the Archaic period as the ancestor of city, state, and citizenship and persisted (though with decreasing influence) well into Roman times, when the equivalent Latin word was civitas, also meaning "citizenhood", while municipium applied to a non-sovereign local entity. The term "city-state", which originated in English (alongside the German Stadtstaat), does not fully translate the Greek term. The poleis were not like other primordial ancient city-states like Tyre or Sidon, which were ruled by a king or a small oligarchy, but rather political entities ruled by their bodies of citizens. The traditional view of archaeologists—that the appearance of urbanization at excavation sites could be read as a sufficient index for the development of a polis—was criticised by François Polignac in 1984[1][a] and has not been taken for granted in recent decades: the polis of Sparta, for example, was established in a network of villages. The term polis, which in archaic Greece meant "city", changed with the development of the governance center in the city to signify "state" (which included its surrounding villages). Finally, with the emergence of a notion of citizenship among landowners, it came to describe the entire body of citizens. The ancient Greeks did not always refer to Athens, Sparta, Thebes, and other poleis as such; they often spoke instead of the Athenians, Lacedaemonians, Thebans and so on. The body of citizens came to be the most important meaning of the term polis in ancient Greece.

The Greek term that specifically meant the totality of urban buildings and spaces is ἄστυ (pronounced [ásty]

Hubrus - Hubris(/ˈhjuːbrɪs/, also hybris, from ancient Greek ὕβρις) describes a personality quality of extreme or foolish pride or dangerous over-confidence.[1] In its ancient Greek context, it typically describes behavior that defies the norms of behavior or challenges the gods, and which in turn brings about the downfall, or nemesis, of the perpetrator of hubris.

The adjectival form of the noun hubris is "hubristic". Hubris is usually perceived as a characteristic of an individual rather than a group, although the group the offender belongs to may unintentionally suffer consequences from the wrongful act. Hubris often indicates a loss of contact with reality and an overestimation of one's own competence, accomplishments or capabilities. Contrary to common expectations, hubris is not necessarily associated with high self-esteem but with highly fluctuating or variable self-esteem, and a gap between inflated self perception and a more modest reality.

Hubris is generally considered a sin in world religions[clarification needed]. C. S. Lewis writes, in Mere Christianity, that pride is the "anti-God" state, the position in which the ego and the self are directly opposed to God: "Unchastity, anger, greed, drunkenness, and all that, are mere fleabites in comparison: it was through Pride that the devil became the devil: Pride leads to every other vice: it is the complete anti-God state of mind."[

Ililad - The Iliad (/ˈɪliəd/;[1] Ancient Greek: Ἰλιάς Ilias, pronounced [iː.li.ás] in Classical Attic; sometimes referred to as the Song of Ilion or Song of Ilium) is an ancient Greek epic poem in dactylic hexameter, traditionally attributed to Homer. Set during the Trojan War, the ten-year siege of the city of Troy (Ilium) by a coalition of Greek states, it tells of the battles and events during the weeks of a quarrel between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles.

Although the story covers only a few weeks in the final year of the war, the Iliad mentions or alludes to many of the Greek legends about the siege; the earlier events, such as the gathering of warriors for the siege, the cause of the war, and related concerns tend to appear near the beginning. Then the epic narrative takes up events prophesied for the future, such as Achilles' imminent death and the fall of Troy, although the narrative ends before these events take place. However, as these events are prefigured and alluded to more and more vividly, when it reaches an end the poem has told a more or less complete tale of the Trojan War.

The Iliad is paired with something of a sequel, the Odyssey, also attributed to Homer. Along with the Odyssey, the Iliad is among the oldest extant works of Western literature, and its written version is usually dated to around the 8th century BC.[2] Recent statistical modelling based on language evolution gives a date of 760–710 BC.[3] In the modern vulgate (the standard accepted version), the Iliad contains 15,693 lines; it is written in Homeric Greek, a literary amalgam of Ionic Greek and other dialects.

Synthesis - In general, the noun synthesis (from ancient Greek σύνθεσις, σύν "with" and θέσις "placing") refers to a combination of two or more entities that together form something new; alternately, it refers to the creating of something by artificial means.

Sparta , Athenians peloponnesian  war - city-state of Athens was the birthplace of many significant ideas. Ancient Athenians were a thoughtful people who enjoyed the systematic study of subjects such as science, philosophy, and history, to name a few.

Athenians placed a heavy emphasis on the arts, architecture, and literature. The Athenians built thousands of temples and statues that embodied their understanding of beauty. Today the term "classical" is used to describe their enduring style of art and architecture.
Athenians also enjoyed a democratic form of government in which some of the people shared power.

Sparta: Military Might

Life in Sparta was vastly different from life in Athens. Located in the southern part of Greece on the Peloponnisos peninsula, the city-state of Sparta developed a militaristic society ruled by two kings and an oligarchy, or small group that exercised political control.

Ares, Greek god of war
Ares Borghese, 420 B.C.E. Photo © Maicar Förlag — GML
Ares, the Greek god of war, was a particularly fitting patron for Sparta, which was known to be a rather warlike society. When they weren't fighting another city-state, Spartans were honing their military skills in preparation for the next battle.
Early in their history, a violent and bloody slave revolt caused the Spartans to change their society. A Spartan, Lycurgus, drafted a harsh set of laws that required total dedication to the state from its people. The laws' goal was to train citizens to become hardened soldiers so that they could fight off potential enemies or slave revolts. The result was a rigid lifestyle unlike any seen in Greece at the time. The devotion of Spartans to developing a military state left little time for the arts or literature.

A Spartan baby had to be hardy and healthy. To test a baby's strength, parents would leave their child on a mountain overnight to see if it could survive on its own until the next morning. By age seven, Spartan boys were taken from their families and underwent severe military training. They wore uniforms at all times, ate small meals of bland foods, exercised barefoot to toughen their feet, and were punished severely for disobedient behavior. Boys lived away from their families in barracks until the age of 30, even after they were married. Men were expected to be ready to serve in the army until they were 60 years old.

Women, too, were expected to be loyal and dedicated to the state. Like men, women followed a strict exercise program and contributed actively to Spartan society. Although they were not allowed to vote, Spartan women typically had more rights and independence than women in other Greek city-states.

Winning by Losing

The differences between Athens and Sparta eventually led to war between the two city-states. Known as the Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.E.), both Sparta and Athens gathered allies and fought on and off for decades because no single city-state was strong enough to conquer the others.

    The whole of Hellas used once to carry arms, their habitations being unprotected, and their communication with each other unsafe; indeed, to wear arms was as much a part of everyday life with them as with the barbarians. [2] And the fact that the people in these parts of Hellas are still living in the old way points to a time when the same mode of life was once equally common to all. [3] The Athenians were the first to lay aside their weapons, and to adopt an easier and more luxurious mode of life; indeed, it is only lately that their rich old men left off the luxury of wearing undergarments of linen, and fastening a knot of their hair with a tie of golden grasshoppers, a fashion which spread to their Ionian kindred, and long prevailed among the old men there.Thuycidides, The Peloponnesian War, (1910 translation by Richard Crawley)
   

With war came famine, plague, death, and misfortune. But war cannot kill ideas. Despite the eventual military surrender of Athens, Athenian thought spread throughout the region. After temporary setbacks, these notions only became more widely accepted and developed with the passing centuries.

West civ notes 3

Western civ notes

Epic of Gilgamesh greatest work of Mesopotamian literature 2000 BCE utilizing legends about Gilgamesh a historical figure who ruled the city of uruk 2600 BCE . Accept reality there is no escape from death .

Code of hammurabi issued about 1790 -1750 BCE by Babylonian king code of laws 782 laws cover everything from marriage marriage crime punishment and legal procedure . Prologue to the code reveals Mesopotamian concept of a priest king in it he assured he had divine duty to uphold justice punish the wicked and further the welfare of the people eye for an eye and pay for monetary compensation .

Scientific thinking viewed physical nature impersonal and governed by universal law

Mythical thinking views nature as personified with individual
Gods and demons do things according to their desires .

Ethical monotheism the belief that one God who demands righteous of his creations

Mesopotamia and Egypt laws were given by the gods

Greeks came to realize laws created by man.

Paleolithic ,60000-10000

Neolithic 10000-3000

Bronze age 3000-1000

Egypt 2700 - 323

Assyrian 911-612

Persian 550-330

Babylonian 612-539

Iron 1200 on

Symmerian earliest civilization created due to climate change Mesopotamia had to alter way of life

Symmerian city women and slaves prepared meals were in the home so to speak

Barley south wheat North

Veggies cheese dates figs fish all supplement diet and calories came from beer ale

Euphrates and Tigris rivers  flooded it was an angry act of God for them being too loud when he was sleeping. 

People viewed themselves as.slaves of gods

Demons caused illness

2800 writing and documenting laws and history began. 

Babylonian king employed code of hammurabi

In this society women had rights could hold position of power etc

Architecture said a lot of a society and it's values and behavior .

1560 Egypt rebelled against the hyksos .

Warrior aristocracy

Architecture

Order

1200 BCE iron discover by accident

Assyrian had skilled armies

579 Babylonian fell to Persia with very little struggle .

Greek city states had four stages ruled by King was monarchy

Seized by power tyranny's

Ruled by people democracy

Aristocrats and landowners obligatory

Solon was traveling and poet

Sophists said man is measure of all things meaning good and evil truth and false hood are all matters of individualism judgement

Dialectics logical discussions

Mass media notes 2

Mass media notes

Read vivian

See d 2 l

Sign up for WAC

Books burn at 451 degrees

Lady posing as wife called in sick for mantag

Old lady in fahrenheit 451 burnt up with her books.

Observer is black community pub

Gone with wind is first pioneer color movie

Wiz of oz really was in 1918 and 1912 king and queen of india

Coca cola own sony pix

Sitcom drama news reality are 4 of the 5 genres of tv

Disney was a pioneer of animated films.

Pixar by gates bought out by disney

Multiplexes

6 major film studios fox sony warner bros walt disney universal

Jazz singer  first talking picture

Time shifting ability to change when you watch things making selling ads too hard and impossible

1949 cable introduced

1946 movies sold 90 million tickets weekly

Record company label .60 apple .40 artist .20 and writer .09 this is breakdown from itunes profit.

Who owns the bee?

Bee sunday circulation up but rest of week sales down.

Mcclatchy company owed bee

Walt disney invented the bee symbol

The end station ends on feb 4 back to FCC shut original seller up who pissed and moaned.

106.5 from 107.9 now |KUDL no star!

Ida Tarbell exposed standard \oil and jon rockefeller

Read vivian forum post my take terrestrial radio define am and fm radio

Satellite radio define sirrus

First license commercial kdka 1020 est 1920

E is east of mississippi west has w and k and canada has c and mexico has x for call letters

David sarnoff former ceo of rca nbc

Ed marrow pioneer of RT news communist

Am radio reaches further

Top contemporary hit radio top 40

Radio always best for breaking news unless internet avail

Scholarship essay 3

James Saling

Course Hero

Scholarship Essay

What makes a hero?

             What makes someone a hero ? A hero comes in many forms and can be even only in the eye of the beholder. There are average everyday people that a single act of heroism can turn them into someone special in everyone's eyes . So when it pertains to a “course hero” it is hard not to let this title fall on the instructor of the course itself.

          When registering for classes a course name alone jumps off the page and it's description alone intrigues enough to make someone sign up for it that is a good sign that it's probably right up your alley as the saying goes . Now if the professor is listed and reviews about him are nothing but raving compliments this makes a solid foundation of what has the making of a “course hero” worthy essay.  

            “Race and Gender in the Media” is the course name and even though this is suppose to be an essay about me and my work and studying and what made me score the grade I did I instead had to make this about the real course hero which is the instructor Alan Miller .

          This course provided by American River College as part of their communication AA or AA transfer degree program is for those interested in journalism , becoming a writer or even someone just wanting to further their own critical thinking skills . The class syllabus is basically the outline , for lack of a better term , the blueprint for a “fun ride" . So then comes the “Devil's advocate” . Allen Miller likes to introduce himself as this upon the beginning of class as he asks everyone to introduce themselves . By adopting this m.o. he takes on the unique task of raising eyebrows ,issues and even students gander in the hope to spark debates and great conversations .

         So why make him the course hero? Well the premise of the essay topic is to explain how I succeeded and what I did to succeed and so on . My success had very little to do with myself more than the professor his guidance , understanding and compassion for his students . Therefore I cannot accept the success I had with this course and the outcome of my grade or more importantly the outcome of my character ,resolve and ability to think outside the stratosphere let alone the box .

         As for my grade earned , that is irrelevant however if this was 2 soldiers in a war then then I'd probably receive the purple heart and my professor Alan Miller would have to be awarded the “Medal of Honor”. He is truly a “Course Hero” that any young mind should feel privileged to receive mentoring from.

Mass media notea

TV AND CABLE ARE FINANCIAL LEADERS IN MEDIA. INTERNET MAY HAVE TAKEN OVER

5 IN SACRAMENTO ARE TRIBUNE GARNETT IHEART CBS ENTERCOM

BEN FRANKLIN STARTED GAZETTE

BEN DAY WAS NEW YORK SUN PENNY PAPER

GEORGE JONES NY DAILY TIMES LATER BECAME NY TIMES

BARNEY KILGORE WALL STREET JOURNAL

ALLEN NEUHARTH USA TODAY

GUTTENBERG IMPROVED ON PRINT PRESS NOT INVENTED IT THOU

MANY NEWS MUST CREDIT NEWSPRINT FOR THINGS THEY USE.

NYTIMES USA TODAY WALL STREET JOURNAL 3 NATIONWIDE PRINT

CIRCUS COMING TO TOWN AD REVENUE

ELEPHANT WITH SIGN THRU TOWN PROMOTION

ELEPHANT TRAMPLE MAYORS FLOWER GARDEN PUBLICITY

MAYOR PHOTOED LAUGHING IT OFF P.R.

HUNDREDS MORE COME TO CIRCUS SALES !

Western civ notes 2

3/30/17

Western Civilization notes

Proletari- landless jobless lower class

Tiberius Gracchus-Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus was a Roman Popularis politician of the 2nd century BC, together with Gaius Gracchus, one of the Gracchi brothers. Wikipedia
Born: 163 BC, Rome, Italy
Assassinated: 133 BC, Rome,

Gaius Gracchus-gaius Sempronius Gracchus was a Roman Popular politician in the 2nd century BC and brother if the reformer Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus. Wikipedia
Born: 154 BC, Rome, Italy
Died: 121 BC, Rome, Italy

137 b.c.e.-Year 137 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Porcine and Mancinus (or, less frequently, year 617 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 137 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Treason-the crime of betraying one's country, especially by attempting to kill the sovereign or overthrow the government.

Gaius Marius-Gaius Marius was a Roman general and statesman. He held the office of consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. Wikipedia
Born: 157 BC, Create
Died: January 13, 86 BC, Rome, Italy

Sulla-Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix, known commonly as Sulla, was a Roman general and statesman. He had the distinction of holding the office of consul twice, as well as reviving the dictatorship. Wikipedia
Born: 139 BC, Rome, Italy
Died: 78 BC, Pozzuoli, Italy

Pompey-Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, usually known in English as Pompey or Pompey the Great, was a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic. Wikipedia

Julius Caesar- Gaius Julius Caesar, known as Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician, general, and notable author of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. Wikipedia
Assassinated: March 15, 44 BC, Rome, Italy
Spouse: Cornelia (m. 84 BC–69 BC), Pompeia (m. 68 BC–63 BC), Calpurnia (m. 59 BC–44 BC)

Cicero-Marcus Tullius Cicero was a Roman philosopher, politician, lawyer, orator, political theorist, consul, and constitutionalist. Wikipedia
Assassinated: December 7, 43 BC, Formia, Italy

Crassus-Marcus Licinius Crassus was a Roman general and politician who played a key role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. Wikipedia
Died: 53 BC, Harran, Turkey
Spouse: Tertulla

Gauls-Gaul was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age that was inhabited by Celtic tribes, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the ... Wikipedia

Rubicon-The Rubicon is both the name of a shallow river in northeastern Italy, just south of Ravenna, and the name historically given to a river that was famously crossed by Julius Caesar in 49 BC. Wikipedia
Sources: Sogliano al Rubicone, Apennine Mountains
Cities: Cesena, Rimini

47 b.c.e.-Year 47 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of  ...
Years‎: ‎50 BC‎; ‎49 BC‎; ‎48 BC‎; 47 BC; ‎46 BC‎; ‎45 BC‎; ‎44 BC‎
Centuries‎: ‎2nd century BC‎; ‎1st century BC‎; ‎1st century‎

Julian calendar -The Julian calendar was introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BCE and replaced the Roman calendar. ... The Julian calendar's predecessor, the Roman calendar, was a very complicated lunar calendar, based on the moon phases. ... In the Julian calendar, every four years is a leap year, with a …

Octavian-Gaius Julius Octavius. (63 BC - AD 14) The future emperor Augustus was born into an equestrian family as Gaius Octavius at Rome on 23 September 63 BC. His father, Gaius Octavius, was the first in the family to become a senator, but died when Octavian was only four.

Battle of actium-The Battle of Actium was the decisive confrontation of the Final War of the Roman Republic, a naval engagement between Octavian and the combined forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra on 2 September 31 ... Wikipedia
Date: September 2, 31 BC
Result: Decisive victory for Octavian

Penceps-
Princeps (plural: principes) is a Latin word meaning "first in time or order; the first, foremost, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble; the first man, first person." This article is devoted to a number of specific historical meanings the word took, in approximate historical order.

27 b.c.e.-In 27 B.C., Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus was awarded the honorific title of Augustus by a decree of the Senate.

Augustus was the founder of the Roman Principate and considered the first Roman emperor, controlling the Roman Empire from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. Wikipedia
Died: August 19, 14 AD, Nola, Italy
Full name: Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus

Pontifex -The Pontifex Maximus (Latin, literally: "greatest pontiff" or "greatest bridge-builder") was the high priest of the College of Pontiffs (Collegium Pontificum) in ancient Rome.
‎Etymology

Imperator-commander (a title conferred under the Republic on a victorious general and under the Empire on the emperor).

Res gestae-Res Gestae Divi Augusti (Eng. The Deeds of the Divine Augustus) is the funerary inscription of the first Roman emperor, Augustus, giving a first-person record of his life and accomplishments.[1] The Res Gestae is especially significant because it gives an insight into the image Augustus portrayed to the Roman people. Various inscriptions of the Res Gestae have been found scattered across the former Roman Empire. The inscription itself is a monument to the establishment of the Julio-Claudian dynasty that was to follow Augustus.[2

Principate The Principate is the name sometimes given to the first period of the Roman Empire from the beginning of the reign of Augustus in about 30 BC to the Crisis of the Third Century in 284 AD, after which it evolved into the so-called Dominate.

Octavius Augustus (Latin: Imperātor Caesar Dīvī Fīlius Augustus;[note 1][note 2] 23 September 63 BC – 19 August 14 AD) was the founder of the Roman Principate and considered the first Roman emperor, controlling the Roman Empire from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.[note 3]

He was born Gaius Octavius into an old and wealthy equestrian branch of the plebeian gens Octavia. His maternal great-uncle Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC, and Octavius was named in Caesar's will as his adopted son and heir, then known as Octavianus (Anglicized as Octavian). He, Mark Antony, and Marcus Lepidus formed the Second Triumvirate to defeat the assassins of Caesar. Following their victory at the Battle of Philippi, the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic among themselves and ruled as military dictators.[note 4] The Triumvirate was eventually torn apart by the competing ambitions of its members. Lepidus was driven into exile and stripped of his position, and Antony committed suicide following his defeat at the Battle of Actium by Octavian in 31 BC.

After the demise of the Second Triumvirate, Augustus restored the outward façade of the free Republic, with governmental power vested in the Roman Senate, the executive magistrates, and the legislative assemblies. In reality, however, he retained his autocratic power over the Republic as a military dictator. By law, Augustus held a collection of powers granted to him for life by the Senate, including supreme military command, and those of tribune and censor. It took several years for Augustus to develop the framework within which a formally republican state could be led under his sole rule. He rejected monarchical titles, and instead called himself Princeps Civitatis ("First Citizen of the State"). The resulting constitutional framework became known as the Principate, the first phase of the Roman Empire.

The reign of Augustus initiated an era of relative peace known as the Pax Romana (The Roman Peace). The Roman world was largely free from large-scale conflict for more than two centuries, despite continuous wars of imperial expansion on the Empire's frontiers and the year-long civil war known as the "Year of the Four Emperors" over the imperial succession. Augustus dramatically enlarged the Empire, annexing Egypt, Dalmatia, Pannonia, Noricum, and Raetia; expanding possessions in Africa; expanding into Germania; and completing the conquest of Hispania.

Beyond the frontiers, he secured the Empire with a buffer region of client states and made peace with the Parthian Empire through diplomacy. He reformed the Roman system of taxation, developed networks of roads with an official courier system, established a standing army, established the Praetorian Guard, created official police and fire-fighting services for Rome, and rebuilt much of the city during his reign.

Augustus died in AD 14 at the age of 75. He probably died from natural causes, although there were unconfirmed rumors that his wife Livia poisoned him. He was succeeded as Emperor by his adopted son (also stepson and former son-in-law) Tiberius

The Auxilia (Latin, lit. "auxiliaries") constituted the standing non-citizen corps of the Imperial Roman army during the Principate era (30 BC–284 AD)

Bureaucracy For other uses, see Bureaucracy (disambiguation). Bureaucracy (/bjuːˈrɒkrəsi/) means both a body of nonelective government officials and an administrative

Pax romana The Pax Romana was a time of peace established by Emperor Augustus during the Roman Empire

Classical Latin (redirect from Golden Age of Latin literature)
literature (ancient Rome) The Golden Age is divided by the assassination of Julius Caesar. In the wars that followed the Republican generation of literary men

Tiberius was a Roman Emperor from 14 AD to 37 AD. Born Tiberius Claudius Nero, a Claudian, Tiberius was the son of Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia Drusilla. Wikipedia
Died: March 16, 37 AD, Miseno, Italy
Full name: Tiberius Claudius Nero

Claudius Claudius was Roman emperor from 41 to 54. A member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, he was the son of Drusus and Antonia Minor. He was born at Lugdunum in Gaul, the first Roman Emperor to be born outside Italy. Wikipedia
Died: October 13, 54 AD, Rome, Italy
Spouse: Agrippina the Younger (m. 49 AD–54 AD), More

Nero Nero was Roman Emperor from 54 to 68, and the last in the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Nero was adopted by his great-uncle Claudius to become his heir and successor, and acceded to the throne in 54 following Claudius' death. Wikipedia
Died: June 9, 68 AD, Rome, Italy
Spouse: Sporus (m. 67 AD–68 AD), More

Pagan a person holding religious beliefs other than those of the main world religions.

Rural , relating to, or characteristic of the countryside rather than the town.

Hierarchy a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.
synonyms:    pecking order, order, ranking, chain of command, grading, gradation, ladder, scale, range
"in the corporate hierarchy, Curt is about six levels below the CEO"

Pantheon The Pantheon is a former Roman temple, now a church, in Rome, Italy, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus.

Celsius According to the Christian father Origen, Celsus was a 2nd-century Greek philosopher and opponent of Early Christianity. He is known for his literary work, The True Word, which survives exclusively in Origen's quotations from it in Contra Celsum. Wikipedia

Trajan Trajan was Roman emperor from 98 to 117 AD. Officially declared by the Senate optimus princeps, Trajan is remembered as a successful soldier-emperor who presided over the greatest military expansion in ... Wikipedia
Died: August 9, 117 AD
Full name: Imperator Caesar Nerva Traianus Divi Nerva fili Augustus

Jus civilenoun Roman Law.
the rules and principles of law derived from the customs and legislation of Rome, as opposed to those derived from the customs of all nations (jus gentium) or from fundmental ideas of right and wrong implicit in the human mind (jus naturale).

Greatness and decay of Rome

Nerva was Roman Emperor from 96 to 98. Nerva became Emperor at the age of sixty-five, after a lifetime of imperial service under Nero and the rulers of the Flavian dynasty. Wikipedia
Born: November 8, 30 AD, Narni, Italy
Died: January 27, 98 AD, Gardens of Sallust, Rome, Italy

AntoniusAntonius is the nomen of the gens Antonia, one of the most important families in ancient Rome, with both patrician and plebeian branches. It is also the source of the English personal name Anthony, as well as a number of similar names in various European languages.

Commodus
Roman emperor
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Commodus, born Lucius Aurelius Commodus and died Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus, was Roman Emperor from AD 180 to 192. He also ruled as co-emperor with his father Marcus Aurelius from 177 until his father's death in 180. Wikipedia
Assassinated: December 31, 192 AD, Rome, Italy
Siblings: Lucilla, Marcus Annius Verus Caesar, More

NobilityNobility is a social class, normally ranked immediately under royalty, that possesses more acknowledged privileges and higher social status than most other classes in a society, membership thereof typically being hereditary.

Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy that flourished throughout the Roman and Greek world until the 3rd century AD. Stoicism is predominantly a philosophy of personal ethics which is informed by its system of logic and its views on the natural world.

The Auxilia constituted the standing non-citizen corps of the Imperial Roman army during the Principate era, alongside the citizen legions. Wikipedia

Western civ notes

Aurelius Ambrosius, better known in English as Saint Ambrose, was a bishop of Milan who became one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the 4th century.

Jerome was a priest, confessor, theologian and historian. He was the son of Eusebius, born at Stridon, a village near Emona on the border of Dalmatia and Pannonia, then part of northeastern Italy.

City of St. Augustine
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St. Augustine (City in Florida)
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Augustine of Hippo (Philosopher)
Born: November 13, 354 AD, Thagaste
Died: August 28, 430 AD, Hippo Regius, Algeria
St. Augustine of Hippo - Wikipedia
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Augustine of Hippo was an early Christian theologian and philosopher whose writings influenced the development of ...
Title as Saint‎: ‎Bishop, philosopher, theologian, ‎Doctor of the Church‎ (Doctor of Grace), ...‎
Feast day‎: ‎28 August (‎Western‎); 15 June (‎Eastern‎); 4 November (‎Assyrian‎)‎
Canonized‎: ‎Pre-Congregation‎
Denomination‎: ‎Nicene Christianity

Islam the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah.
the Muslim world.

Monastery a building or buildings occupied by a community of monks living under religious vows.

410 Roman empire falling The Sack of Rome occurred on August 24, 410. The city was attacked by the Visigoths led by King Alaric. ... The previous sack of Rome had been accomplished by the Gauls under their leader Brennus in 390 or 387/6 BC. The sacking of 410 is seen as a major landmark in the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

Edward Gibbon Edward Gibbon FRS was an English historian, writer and Member of Parliament. His most important work, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, was published in six volumes between 1776 …

Barbarism absence of culture and civilization.
"the collapse of civilization and the return to barbarism"

Year 374 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Second year without Tribunate or Consulship (or, less frequently, year 380 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 374 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Attila (/ˈætᵻlə/ or /əˈtɪlə/; fl. circa 406–453), frequently referred to as Attila the Hun, was the ruler of the Huns from 434 until his death in March 453. He was also the leader of a tribal empire consisting of Huns, Ostrogoths, and Alans among others, on the territory of Central and Eastern Europe.

During his reign, he was one of the most feared enemies of the Western and Eastern Roman Empires. He crossed the Danube twice and plundered the Balkans, but was unable to take Constantinople. His unsuccessful campaign in Persia was followed in 441 by an invasion of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, the success of which emboldened Attila to invade the West.[3] He also attempted to conquer Roman Gaul (modern France), crossing the Rhine in 451 and marching as far as Aurelianum (Orléans) before being defeated at the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains.

He subsequently invaded Italy, devastating the northern provinces, but was unable to take Rome. He planned for further campaigns against the Romans but died in 453. After Attila's death his close adviser Ardaric of the Gepids led a Germanic revolt against Hunnic rule, after which the Hunnic Empire quickly collapsed.

Year 800 (DCCC) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. It was around this time that the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years, so from this time on, the years began to be known as 800 and onwards.

Year 962 (CMLXII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (dominical letter A) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday (dominical letter C) of the Julian calendar, the 1871st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 871st year of the 2nd millennium, the 71st year of the 19th century, and the 2nd year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1871, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Year 476 (CDLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Basiliscus and Armatus (or, less frequently, year 1229 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 476 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Because the fall of the Western Roman Empire occurred in 476, many historians consider it the last year of ancient history and the first year of the Middle Ages in Europe.[1][2]

Year 1453 (MCDLIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. It is sometimes cited as the notional end of the Middle Ages by historians who define the medieval period as the time between the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and the fall of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire.

1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (dominical letter G) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday (dominical letter A) of the Julian calendar, the 1917th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 917th year of the 2nd millennium, the 17th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year of the 1910s decade. As of the start of 1917, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Year 133 (CXXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Hiberus and Sisenna (or, less frequently, year 886 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 133 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

AD 44 (XLIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Crispus and Taurus (or, less frequently, year 797 Ab urbe condita). The denomination AD 44 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Year 180 (CLXXX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Rusticus and Condianus (or, less frequently, year 933 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 180 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Year 212 ('CCXII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Asper and Camilius (or, less frequently, year 965 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 212 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Year 330 (CCCXXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Gallicanus and Tullianus (or, less frequently, year 1083 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 330 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Year 380 (CCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Augustus (or, less frequently, year 1133 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 380 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. ...also a book

latifundium is a very extensive parcel of privately owned land. The latifundia (Latin: lātus, "spacious" + fundus, "farm, estate")[1] of Roman history were great landed estates specializing in agriculture destined for export: grain, olive oil, or wine. They were characteristic of Magna Graecia and Sicily, Egypt, the Greater Maghreb and Hispania Baetica. The latifundia were the closest approximation to industrialized agriculture in Antiquity, and their economics depended upon slavery.

During the modern colonial period, the European monarchies often rewarded services with extensive land grants in their empires. The forced recruitment of local laborers allowed by colonial law made these land grants particularly lucrative for their owners. These grants, fazendas (in Portuguese) or haciendas (in Spanish), were also borrowed as loanwords, Portuguese latifúndios and Spanish latifundios or simply fundos.

Agrarian reforms aimed at ending the dominance of the latifundia system are still a popular goal of several national governments around the world.

Coloni The plural of colonus, a type of Roman tenant farmer

Diocletian (/ˌdaɪ.əˈkliːʃən/; Latin: Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus), born Diocles (244–312),[3][5] was a Roman emperor from 284 to 305. Born to a family of low status in the Roman province of Dalmatia, Diocletian rose through the ranks of the military to become cavalry commander to the Emperor Carus. After the deaths of Carus and his son Numerian on campaign in Persia, Diocletian was proclaimed emperor. The title was also claimed by Carus' other surviving son, Carinus, but Diocletian defeated him in the Battle of the Margus. Diocletian's reign stabilized the empire and marks the end of the Crisis of the Third Century. He appointed fellow officer Maximian as Augustus, co-emperor, in 286.

Diocletian delegated further on 1 March 293, appointing Galerius and Constantius as Caesars, junior co-emperors. Under this 'tetrarchy', or "rule of four", each emperor would rule over a quarter-division of the empire. Diocletian secured the empire's borders and purged it of all threats to his power. He defeated the Sarmatians and Carpi during several campaigns between 285 and 299, the Alamanni in 288, and usurpers in Egypt between 297 and 298. Galerius, aided by Diocletian, campaigned successfully against Sassanid Persia, the empire's traditional enemy. In 299 he sacked their capital, Ctesiphon. Diocletian led the subsequent negotiations and achieved a lasting and favorable peace.

Diocletian separated and enlarged the empire's civil and military services and reorganized the empire's provincial divisions, establishing the largest and most bureaucratic government in the history of the empire. He established new administrative centres in Nicomedia, Mediolanum, Antioch, and Trier, closer to the empire's frontiers than the traditional capital at Rome had been. Building on third-century trends towards absolutism, he styled himself an autocrat, elevating himself above the empire's masses with imposing forms of court ceremonies and architecture. Bureaucratic and military growth, constant campaigning, and construction projects increased the state's expenditures and necessitated a comprehensive tax reform. From at least 297 on, imperial taxation was standardized, made more equitable, and levied at generally higher rates.

Not all of Diocletian's plans were successful: the Edict on Maximum Prices (301), his attempt to curb inflation via price controls, was counterproductive and quickly ignored. Although effective while he ruled, Diocletian's tetrarchic system collapsed after his abdication under the competing dynastic claims of Maxentius and Constantine, sons of Maximian and Constantius respectively. The Diocletianic Persecution (303–11), the empire's last, largest, and bloodiest official persecution of Christianity, did not destroy the empire's Christian community; indeed, after 324 Christianity became the empire's preferred religion under its first Christian emperor, Constantine.

In spite of these failures and challenges, Diocletian's reforms fundamentally changed the structure of Roman imperial government and helped stabilize the empire economically and militarily, enabling the empire to remain essentially intact for another hundred years despite being near the brink of collapse in Diocletian's youth. Weakened by illness, Diocletian left the imperial office on 1 May 305, and became the first Roman emperor to abdicate the position voluntarily. He lived out his retirement in his palace on the Dalmatian coast, tending to his vegetable gardens. His palace eventually became the core of the modern-day city of Split in Croatia.

tetrarchy (from the Greek: τετραρχία, tetrarchia, "leadership of four [people]")[a] describes any form of government where power is divided among four individuals, but in modern usage usually refers to the system instituted by Roman Emperor Diocletian in 293, marking the end of the Crisis of the Third Century and the recovery of the Roman Empire. This tetrarchy lasted until c. 313, when internecine conflict eliminated most of the claimants to power, leaving Constantine in control of the western half of the empire, and Licinius in control of the eastern half.

Constantine the Great (Latin: Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus;[2] Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Μέγας; 27 February c. 272 AD[1] – 22 May 337 AD), also known as Constantine I or Saint Constantine (in the Orthodox Church as Saint Constantine the Great, Equal-to-the-Apostles),[3] was a Roman Emperor from 306 to 337 AD. Constantine was the son of Flavius Valerius Constantius, a Roman Army officer, and his consort Helena. His father became Caesar, the deputy emperor in the west, in 293 AD. Constantine was sent east, where he rose through the ranks to become a military tribune under the emperors Diocletian and Galerius. In 305, Constantius was raised to the rank of Augustus, senior western emperor, and Constantine was recalled west to campaign under his father in Britannia (Britain). Acclaimed as emperor by the army at Eboracum (modern-day York) after his father's death in 306 AD, Constantine emerged victorious in a series of civil wars against the emperors Maxentius and Licinius to become sole ruler of both west and east by 324 AD.

As emperor, Constantine enacted many administrative, financial, social, and military reforms to strengthen the empire. The government was restructured and civil and military authority separated. A new gold coin, the solidus, was introduced to combat inflation. It would become the standard for Byzantine and European currencies for more than a thousand years. The first Roman emperor to claim conversion to Christianity,[notes 4] Constantine played an influential role in the proclamation of the Edict of Milan in 313, which decreed tolerance for Christianity in the empire. He called the First Council of Nicaea in 325, at which the Nicene Creed was adopted by Christians. In military matters, the Roman army was reorganised to consist of mobile field units and garrison soldiers capable of countering internal threats and barbarian invasions. Constantine pursued successful campaigns against the tribes on the Roman frontiers—the Franks, the Alamanni, the Goths, and the Sarmatians—even resettling territories abandoned by his predecessors during the Crisis of the Third Century.

The age of Constantine marked a distinct epoch in the history of the Roman Empire.[5] He built a new imperial residence at Byzantium and renamed the city Constantinople after himself (the laudatory epithet of "New Rome" came later, and was never an official title). It would later become the capital of the Empire for over one thousand years; for which reason the later Eastern Empire would come to be known as the Byzantine Empire. His more immediate political legacy was that, in leaving the empire to his sons, he replaced Diocletian's tetrarchy with the principle of dynastic succession. His reputation flourished during the lifetime of his children and centuries after his reign. The medieval church upheld him as a paragon of virtue while secular rulers invoked him as a prototype, a point of reference, and the symbol of imperial legitimacy and identity.[6] Beginning with the Renaissance, there were more critical appraisals of his reign due to the rediscovery of anti-Constantinian sources. Critics portrayed him as a tyrant. Trends in modern and recent scholarship attempted to balance the extremes of previous scholarship.

The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, built on his orders at the purported site of Jesus' tomb in Jerusalem, became the holiest place in Christendom. The Papal claim to temporal power in the High Middle Ages was based on the supposed Donation of Constantine. He is venerated as a saint by Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholics. Though Constantine has historically often been referred to as the "First Christian Emperor" (and indeed he heavily promoted the Christian Church), scholars debate his actual beliefs or even his actual comprehension of the Christian faith itself (he was not even baptised until just before his death).[7][8]

Platonism, rendered as a proper noun, is the philosophy of Plato or the name of other philosophical systems considered closely derived from it. In narrower usage, platonism, rendered as a common noun (with a lower case "p" subject to sentence case), refers to the philosophy that affirms the existence of abstract objects, which are asserted to "exist" in a "third realm" distinct both from the sensible external world and from the internal world of consciousness, and is the opposite of nominalism.[1] Lower case "platonists" need not accept any of the doctrines of Plato.[1]

In a narrower sense, the term might indicate the doctrine of Platonic realism. The central concept of Platonism, a distinction essential to the Theory of Forms, is the distinction between the reality which is perceptible but unintelligible, and the reality which is imperceptible but intelligible. The forms are typically described in dialogues such as the Phaedo, Symposium and Republic as transcendent perfect archetypes of which objects in the everyday world are imperfect copies.

In the Republic the highest form is identified as the Form of the Good, the source of all other forms, which could be known by reason. In the Sophist, a later work, the forms being, sameness and difference are listed among the primordial "Great Kinds". In the 3rd century BC, Arcesilaus adopted skepticism, which became a central tenet of the school until 90 BC when Antiochus added Stoic elements, rejected skepticism, and began a period known as Middle Platonism.

In the 3rd century AD, Plotinus added mystical elements, establishing Neoplatonism, in which the summit of existence was the One or the Good, the source of all things; in virtue and meditation the soul had the power to elevate itself to attain union with the One. Platonism had a profound effect on Western thought, and many Platonic notions were adopted by the Christian church which understood Plato's forms as God's thoughts, while Neoplatonism became a major influence on Christian mysticism, in the West through St Augustine, Doctor of the Catholic Church whose Christian writings were heavily influenced by Plotinus' Enneads,[2] and in turn were foundations for the whole of Western Christian thought.[3]

Fictional company & product

James & Elijah

Engwr 101

Company name : One Touch Reality

Product : “The Reality Check”  a new virtual reality portable v.r.unit that has the function of laptop an Android cell phone and tablet combine.  

Target audience : all ages 8 and up .

Achieve everything in reality virtually not achieved before.

5% of all profit go to

support everyone getting to go to college free.

Benefits : medical field use . Video gaming . School work . Traveling ( such as in history class) . Cell phone and video calling. Social media. Online virtual grocery shopping . Online shopping etc.

We are one touch reality . Developers and inventors of the “The reality check “ . A portable virtual reality unit that combines the functions of a tablet , laptop mp4 player, Android phone and so much more.

We have revolutionized the virtual reality experience and transformed it into a voice operated mobile device you can just simply clip onto any pair of your favorite glasses or prescription eyewear  band have everything at you voice command.This device is so simply it is suitable for ages 8 and above.  Our device gives the opportunity to provide endless possibilities and usages with the P.V.R. unit the staff at O.T.R. are working toward the advancement of technology for the greater good. When we developed this product we did it as a team. No one is more important than the next person.

This makes for a fun, productive, and enjoyable work environment.With 5% of the gross profit going toward funding to ensure college be free for all qualified students wishing to go to college. we help students receive a college degree that may not have otherwise . That all adds up to virtually a fantastic reality to see for the future.

Whether it is a video call , the roman ruins to study Western Civilization history or a real time link to satellite views of traffic and so on . Our P.V.R. unit can truly do it all. Imagine a history class that was taught virtually in the land and ruins in which it actually took place.

How bout a brain expert surgeon halfway around the world is needed in an emergency surgery with the P.V.R. is able to coincide with other surgeons on hand to perform the surgery perfectly to save a life. With our P.V.R.unit the reality check the possibilities are truly endless.

We intend to go to CES (Consumer electronic show) which the biggest tech expo in the US held annually in las vegas nevada. The plan here is to unveil and show our product for the first time in a front of a huge audience and showcase how it works.

We also want to have people experience our P.V.R unit for the first time and see how it feels to see a virtual world. There will be booths also demonstrating the P.V.R and the various packages that come with the unit     

The introductory programs standard and the basic personal design need installation the service retail price will be $499.99 with $100 add-on specialty packages. We have three different contracts with the banks to enable financing to nearly any credit type with the policy…..If you do pay you don't play . Making it easy for all those who love the device to be able to own their very own .

With the 5% toward ensuring college for everyone we will also be donating an entire set needed to any schools across the world who wish to implement the P.V.R. into teaching any course or curriculum completely free of charge with the school needing only required to pay the monthly service fee for that package. After the initial sales boom we will not waste useful money on dumb ads that do not make people decide to buy things. We will instead invest in the furthering of education. Promoting the sales of our unit that way while giving back to every community in the process.

One Touch Reality making dreams a reality for everyone !

One Touch Reality and the P.V.R. Reality Check ….one touch and you'll be hooked !

Persuasive essay

“Simplest Terms”

(Simplify things and everything becomes clear)

A Persuasive Essay By:

James “Jimmy Ripp” Saling

James Saling                                 Page - 1
Prof Devaney

Eng 101

WC : 1201

        1*2+2*1÷2*(5*2*2)-(4*2*2)*(3*2)÷(2*2*2)=4 . A very simple math equation displayed in very complicated method. 2+2=4 . Those taking a math quiz would more likely prefer the second version of the math problem . With less of a chance for error , confusion and with far quicker and accurate results makes it seem like if everything were simplified in this fashion in life in general the world would be much better off.

       If you have been in a relationship then it is likely that you have heard your partner say “we need to talk”. When hearing this certainly there is a great percentage of outcomes where by the end of said talk the one being told this still had no idea what the talk was about. As reported by Lifehacker  media feed a study by the university of Chicago shows that 30% higher success rate amongst men and women who had more positive behavior and better communication skills held jobs longer , maintained more meaningful friendships and had less intimate relationships end badly. Communication is thought to be a key element in anything like relationships,work places and most life situations. So if that communication was simplified it would be so much easier to resolve disputes . If a person had an issue with dental hygiene and

James Saling                                 Page - 2
Prof Devaney

Eng 101

WC : 1201

and we're bluntly told “ your breath is foul”. Odds are they would be clear on whst had become an issue and could act accordingly. Now if the communication became complicated the message could easily get lost in translation . “ There is a need to discuss the inferior efforts being made on your part when it pertains to your inability to see and face an issue in regards to your dental hygiene practices and recognize your shortcomings that suggest you have no regard or respect those around you.” It is clear the intent to soften the blow so to speak of the addressing the issue however it weakens the immediate need of the issue to be resolved.  

      Patrick Spencer of the Harvard business review reported a study that involved 7000 + participants regarding consumers shopping for a product. The easier to gather info on the product weighed heavy in the decision to purchase . 86% of products that made the purchase journey simple were more likely the chosen ones when time to check out came. A test done by PSYBLOG produced simple results. Hnefripitrom or Magnalroxate, which sounds to be a more dangerous and unhealthy food additive?  Magnalroxate , which is more pronounceable made the 67% average of the participants equate simple with safer. Well to curb your enquiring minds , neither is a real word or a food additive whatsoever .

James Saling                                 Page - 3
Prof Devaney

Eng 101

WC : 1201         

Collegiate behavior studies  performed a survey asking those  who assisted to read college essays . when those readers  came across papers with fancy language , convoluted sentences and gratuitous use of words they concluded that those were thought  to have a lower level of intelligence as opposed to the writers who kept their essay simple direct and to the point.

       Society is so concerned with being politically correct and careful of others feelings. According to webMD in 1977 the term post traumatic stress disorder was adopted to name what soldiers were going through after returning from war. Its original medical term was shell shock . A Twitter survey had shown out of 833 people 76.4% suggested that P.T.S.D. sounded like less of a serious condition  and could be handled with simple medication whereas shell shock seemed to have more seriousness sound to it. Now p.d.s.d. is used in so many forms that it has completely thinned out and lost its luster entirely. It's all gratuitous linguistic verbal diarrhea.  

Keeping it simple , blunt and to the point is really …..Um …...Simple to do. Society has always done this.  Take people of different races.  I mean when slavery was over black people were called black people. We all originally came from different countries. To reference everyone by the nation in which their origin is would just be too much to remember for me.  If your Chinese be that. I'd you're black be black if you're Mexican be Mexican.  America is a country that began with more diversity than anywhere in the world and over time just became more

James Saling                                 Page - 4
Prof Devaney

Eng 101

WC : 1201

diverse.  Being Americans is a patriotic idea that never has proved to be worth committing to and if it had then we are not being diverse and employing individualism. We as a nation can be united Americans while not being forced into commitment to patriotic idealism we may not agree with.

Now let's take another less global example to play with.  A simple task that occurs in our everyday lives. “Hey are you going to the store !? I'd love something to snack on . I don't know if I want chocolate or chips or what. Well how bout you surprise me with something to snack on .” So after a while the person you asked the favor of returns with a can of pedigree dog food . Since you have been to a liquor store you are aware of what they have in stock . So when you want to snack on something but are not simple and to the point can it be argued that you didn't say you would not want to snack on dog food?  Now say it simple and direct .”hey , I'd like a bag of cheese Doritos a Caramel snicker bar and a 20oz coke in a bottle.  Being the receipt and I will reimburse you.  If they don't have my item I picked just leave it out and don't substitute.” Wasn't that so much easier to deal with if you were the one going to store ?

To test my own claims I put all my theories to the test . From 8 am yesterday morning until 11pm that late evening I held a pen and more pad and logged every single time I encountered anything that was done, said or explained in a way that could have been so much better, efficient and easier if it had just been simplified. 97 times . That is right 97 times I logged

James Saling                                 Page - 5
Prof Devaney

Eng 101

WC : 1201

where things could have been done said or other in a simple more easy way.97 times where things simplified could have left so much free time for other things and lowered the possibility for misunderstanding or errors .

Think about it.  Still not convinced ? Try it yourself . Take just a thirty minute part of your day where you interact with people the most.  Log on a piece of paper how often what you heard or saw done could have been simplified in some form. When you do you will see #1- how much easier all aspects of life can be . And number #2- you will realize how you could have stopped me along time ago and asked me to simplify this . If had simplified it you would have already been done hearing my theory and onto other things . See ? Told you I was right.  You cannot argue logic ….especially if you simply don't want to.  

         

Written by ‘ Jimmy Ripp (Saling)

Sources :

Harvard business Review

PSYBLOG  

Oppenheimer

WebMD

Scholarship essay (bs2)

     Volunteer work is so enriching and fulfilling.  So working with disabled and autistic adults is really not my way of reference to it. I won't call it working with for I prefer to call it hanging out with autistic and disabled adults.

I chose to volunteer in the realm of this from how it has affected my life personally. When I was 14 my brother 20 was in a violent car accident and nearly lost his life. He was confined to a wheelchair ever since.

I try to make as much time available as I can for the volunteer thing but with 12 units and a 30 hour a week job at times it becomes hard to do .

When I am with the group we do activities and play games and so forth making the disabled ones really feel empowered is the goal and with the autistic ones we try to keep them learning all the time with repetition to develop good habits .

My biggest challenge of course is having time to do the volunteering and my main gift I get from it is seeing their smiles and how much fun we always have. I hope I make a positive improvement on their lives.  

Looking forward is not what I live by as a Creed. Having most lost my brother s d losing my mother and grandma we are never promised tomorrow so I don't look forward in the sense of living but more so loving the moment I'm getting to live in .

Scholarship essay (bs)

How has my family contributed to making me who i am today .   

There is an age old title of the one kid in a family that is called the black sheep. Now if you reverse the meaning of that it would really sum up what describes me in my family.

The youngest of four and a different dad than my sister and brothers had . Two brothers one sister and their dad died before I was conceived  

So the opposite of the black sheep in my family my brothers,my brother in law ,my sister my two step dads and even my mother have all done time in prison . Never less than six month periods . My family helped make me into the person I am today because of their example they set. Which had nothing what so ever appealing to me that I would even consider making any of the mistakes they did.

From theft and assault to drugs and robbery I was shown not only a horrid example to follow but the direct negative consequences that type of behavior held.

So seeing my niece grow up without her father due to him being locked up for the first 14 years of her life on a bank robbery sentence.  The unimaginable pain my mother suffered as she buried her first husband when he killed himself in a car crash . Then buried her second husband when he overdosed on heroin . The. Her fiance killed under suspicious circumstances. Then my oldest brother loving the fast lane selling drugs and living life on the edge then at 22 years old lost control of his trans am stock car on an interstate at 135 mph and when the crash smoke cleared my brother was paralyzed and his best friend lost his life . Then my other brother becoming addicted to smoking PCP and now Is a paranoid skitzo with delusion hallucinations and is unable to be able to live independently .

My mother herself ended up in prison at one point when she embezzled over $3000 thou it was for a beloved friend of hers who was diagnosed with aids when aids was first being discovered it's still a crime .

So I have never done time in jail EVER. I indulged or experimented with drug use. I am no thief . I love to do volunteer work.  I am an athlete.  I am the first to graduate high school in my family dating back to the late 1800s.  I most certainly be the dist to graduate from college and I a big believer that things like pure pressure, shoe shining and posturing.

I am a hard worker . I live alone and work full whole .I am taking 16 units in school and I find a way to enjoy my life as much as possible.  

Water wasting future

         Water scarcity solution

       The issue of water becoming so scarce in the next 10 to 15 years is a serious reality. The solutions are as clear as the water we drink.

       The areas that face draught issues more often than others need to make more strict penalties on over useage. By doing so this would make more home owners likely to refrain from over watering and so forth but those laws need to be applied to all water customers.

     So often it's seen that large apartment complexes are consistently over watering theie landscapes even when it is in fact raining. There is also the unattended sprinklers that are automated which have broken parts and so forth causing major water wasting . That taking place in one small part of one small town speaks volumes as to what impact places with neglectful use of the water all over the entire world alone can cause .

     So it's time to start listening and stop believing the b.s. that everything is fine with the planet and start realizing that soon there won't be a plane to take care of.  

Rita Dove

Short bio of Rita Dove

      Rita Dove , an essayist and poet, served as the poet laureate of the Library of Congress from 1993 to 1995 as well as for the commonwealth of Virginia from 2004 to 2006.  

      An African American woman who serves as a great role model for all women , Rita won a Pulitzer prize as well in 1987. Her resume is somewhat of a who's who in literary awards and one would be hard pressed not to say perhaps she is one of the most decorated writers in modern times if not history .

     Miss Dove is also a wife and mother of a daughter.  She was born in 1970 and currently resides in Virginia where she holds a chair on the board of the university where she is an English professor.